|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Professor of
Psychology Visit the Jost Lab ResearchMost of my work focuses
on theoretical and empirical implications of a system justification theory,
which was first proposed by Jost and Banaji (1994)
and updated by Jost, Banaji, and Nosek (2004). There are two major goals of system
justification theory, and much of my experimental
and survey research has addressed one or both of these goals. The first goal
is to understand how and why people provide cognitive and ideological support
for the status quo, even when their support appears to conflict with personal
and group interests. The second is to analyze the social and psychological
antecedents and consequences of supporting the status quo, especially for members of
disadvantaged groups. System justification
theory addresses the holding of attitudes that are often contrary to one's
own self-interest and therefore contrary to what one would expect on the
basis of theories of self-enhancement or rational self-interest. Thus, our
research focuses on counter-intuitive outcomes, such as the internalization
of unfavorable stereotypes about one's own group, nonconscious
biases that perpetuate inequality, attitudinal ambivalence directed at fellow
ingroup members who challenge the system,
opposition to equality among members of disadvantaged groups, rationalization
of anticipated social and political outcomes, and tendencies among members of
powerless groups to subjectively enhance the legitimacy of their
powerlessness and, in some cases, to show greater support for the system than
do members of powerful groups. Current research
interests include the study of complementary stereotypes in which members of
high and low status groups are seen as possessing distinct sets of advantages
and disadvantages. Gender stereotypes, which stress that women are communal
but not agentic, whereas men are agentic but not communal, represent one important example
of complementary stereotypes that may serve to preserve support for the
status quo. Other examples that we have explored include "poor but
happy," "rich but miserable," "poor but honest," and
"rich but dishonest" stereotypes. Finally, I am
interested in the underlying cognitive and motivational differences between
liberals and conservatives. In other words, my collaborators and I are exploring
the psychological basis of political ideology. In particular, we are carrying
out studies to determine whether certain epistemic existential and relational variables
(such as uncertainty avoidance, need for cognitive closure, and death
anxiety, conformity, and so on) are associated more with conservative or right-wing political
orientations than with other political orientations. One focus is on whether
certain situational factors (such as those pertaining to stability and
threat) are capable of bringing about change in the endorsement of political
attitudes. BiographyEducation:
Ph.D.
1995, M.Phil. 1993, M.S. 1992 (social psychology),
Yale University Positions:
Associate
to Full Professor of Psychology, New York University, 2003-present Selected Awards and Honors:
Gordon Allport Intergroup Relations Prize, Best Paper of the Year, Sponsored by the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI) three time winner: 1993, 2006, 2007 Affiliations:
Series Editor, Book
Series on Political Psychology,
Oxford University Press, 2007-present Selected Publications
Jost, J.T., Kay, A.C.,
& Thorisdottir, H. (Eds.) (2009). Social and psychological bases of ideology
and system justification. Jost, J.T., Banaji, M.R., & Prentice, D. (Eds.) (2004). Perspectivism
in social psychology: The yin and yang of scientific progress. Jost, J.T., &
Sidanius, J. (Eds.) (2004). Political
psychology: Key readings. Jost, J.T., &
Major, B. (Eds.) (2001). The
psychology of legitimacy: Emerging perspectives on ideology, justice, and intergroup relations. Selected Journal Articles and Book
Chapters (since 2000)
Jost, J.T., Liviatan, I., van der Toorn, J., Ledgerwood, A., Mandisodza, A., & Nosek, B.A. (in press). System justification: How do we know it's motivated? Invited submission for A.C. Kay et al. (Eds.), The psychology of justice and legitimacy: The Ontario symposium (Vol. 11). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Jost, J.T., Rudman, L.A., Blair, I.V., Carney, D., Dasgupta, N., Glaser, J. & Hardin, C.D. (in press). The existence of implicit bias is beyond reasonable doubt: A refutation of ideological and methodological objections and executive summary of ten studies that no manager should ignore. Research in Organizational Behavior. Jost, J.T. (2009). "Elective affinities": On the psychological bases of left-right ideological differences. Psychological Inquiry, forthcoming. Jost, J.T., & Jost, L.J. (2009). Virtue ethics and the social psychology of character: Philosophical lessons from the person-situation debate. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 253-254. [Special issue on "Peronality & Assessment at Age 40"] Kay, A.C., Czáplinski, S., & Jost, J.T. (2009). Left-right ideological differences in
system justification following exposure to complementary versus noncomplementary stereotype exemplars. European Journal of Social Psychology,
39, 290-298. Napier, J.L., & Jost, J.T. (2008). Why are conservatives happier
than liberals? Psychological
Science, 19, 565-572. Hunyady, O., Josephs, L., & Jost,
J.T. (2008). Priming the primal scene:
Betrayal trauma, narcissism, and attitudes toward sexual infidelity. Self & Identity, 7, 278-294. Jost, J.T., Ledgerwood, A., & Hardin, C.D. (2008). Shared
reality, system justification, and the relational basis of ideological
beliefs. Social and Personality
Psychology Compass, 2,171-186 Mentovich, A., & Jost, J.T. (2008).
The ideological “id”? System justification and the unconscious
perpetuation of inequality. Smith, P.K., Jost,
J.T., & Vijay, R. (2008). Legitimacy crisis? Behavioral approach and inhibition when power differences are left
unexplained. Social Justice
Research, 21, 358-376.
[Special issue, Social Power in
Action, guest edited by J. Berdahl Amodio, D.M., Jost, J.T., Master,
S.L., & Yee, C.M. (2007). Neurocognitive correlates of liberalism conservatism.
Nature Neuroscience, 10,
1246-1247. Jost, J.T., Pietrzak, J., Liviatan, Kay, A. C., Jost, J.T.,
Mandisodza, A.N., Mendes, W.B., Blascovich, J., Hunter, S.B., Lickel, B. & Jost, J.T.
(2007). Threatened
by the unexpected: Physiological responses during social interactions with
expectancy-violating partners. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 698-716.. Thorisdottir, H., Jost, J.T., Liviatan, Wakslak, C., Jost, J.T., Jost, J.T. (2006). The
end of the end of ideology. American
Psychologist, 61, 651-670. (Awarded the SPSSI Gordon Allport Prize) Blasi, G., & Jost, J.T. (2006). System
justification theory and research: Implications for law, legal advocacy, and
social justice. Bonanno, G.A., & Jost, J.T. (2006).
Conservative
shift among high-exposure survivors of the September 11th terrorist attacks.
Basic and Applied Social Psychology,
28, 311-323. [Special issue entitled "In the Era of 9/11: Social
Psychology and Security."] Mandisodza, A., Jost, J.T., & Unzueta, M. (2006).
"Tall poppies" and "American dreams": Reactions to rich
and poor in Australia and the U.S.A. Journal
of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37, 659-668 Napier, J., Mandisodza, A., Andersen, S.M., & Jost, J.T. (2006). System
justification in responding to the poor and displaced in the aftermath of
Hurricane Katrina. Analyses of
Social Issues and Public Policy, 6, 57-73. [Special issue on
"The Social Science of Katrina and Rita."] Jost, J.T., & Hunyady, O. (2005). Antecedents
and consequences of system-justifying ideologies. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14,
260-265. Jost, J.T., & Kay,
A.C. (2005). Exposure
to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: Consequences for
specific and diffuse forms of system justification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88,
498-509. Jost, J.T., Kivetz, Y., Rubini, M., Guermandi, G., & Mosso, C.
(2005). System-justifying
functions of complementary regional and ethnic stereotypes: Cross-national
evidence. Social Justice Research,
18, 305-333. [Special issue on "Legitimating
Ideologies," guest edited by T.R. Tyler] Kay, A.C., Jost, J.T.,
& Young, S. (2005). Victim
derogation and victim enhancement as alternate routes to system justification.
Psychological Science, 16, 240-246.
Jost, J.T., & Jost, J.T., Banaji, M.R., & Nosek, B.A.
(2004). A
decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and
unconscious bolstering of the status quo. Political Psychology, 25, 881-919. Italian
Translation Jost, Fitzsimons, &
Kay (2004). The
ideological animal: A system justification view. In J. Greenberg, S.L. Koole, & T. Pyszczynski
(Eds.) Handbook of experimental existential psychology (pp. 263-282). Overbeck, J., Jost, J.T., Mosso, C., & Flizik, A.
(2004). Resistant
vs. acquiescent responses to group inferiority as a function of social
dominance orientation in the USA and Italy. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 7, 35-54. Kay, A.C., & Jost,
J.T. (2003). Complementary justice: Effects of "poor but happy" and
"poor but honest" sterotype exemplars on
system justification and implicit activation of the justice motive. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85,
823-837. Jost, J.T., Glaser, J.,
Kruglanski, A.W., & Sulloway,
F. (2003a). Political
conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 339-375. Hungarian
Translation (Awarded Honorable Mention for the SPSP Theoretical
Innovation Prize) Jost, J.T., Glaser, J.,
Kruglanski, A.W., & Sulloway,
F. (2003b). Exceptions
that prove the rule: Using a theory of motivated social cognition to account
for ideological incongruities and political anomalies. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 383-393.
Blair, I.V., &
Jost, J.T. (2003). Exit,
loyalty, and collective action among workers in a simulated business
environment: Interactive effects of group identification and boundary
permeability. Social Justice
Research, 16, 95-108. Jost, J.T., Blount, S.,
Pfeffer, J., & Hunyady,
Gy. (2003). Fair
market ideology: Its cognitive-motivational underpinnings. Research in
Organizational Behavior, 25, 53-91. Jost, J.T., Pelham,
B.W., Sheldon, O., & Sullivan, B.N. (2003). Social inequality and the
reduction of ideological dissonance on behalf of the system: Evidence of
enhanced system justification among the disadvantaged. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33,
13-36. Hungarian
Translation Jost, J.T., Pelham,
B.W., & Carvallo, M. (2002). Non-conscious
forms of system justification: Cognitive, affective, and behavioral preferences
for higher status groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,
38, 586-602. Hungarian
Translation Kay, A., Jimenez, M.C.,
& Jost, J.T. (2002). Sour
grapes, sweet lemons, and the anticipatory rationalization of the status quo.
Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin, 28, 1300-1312. Jost, J.T., & Hunyady, O. (2002). The
psychology of system justification and the palliative function of ideology.
European Review of Social Psychology,
13, 111-153. (Awarded the SPSP Theoretical Innovation Prize) Jost, J.T., & Kruglanski, A.W. (2002). The
estrangement of social constructionism and
experimental social psychology: History of the rift and prospects for
reconciliation. Personality and
Social Psychology Review, 6, 168-187. Italian
Translation (abridged) Jost, J.T. (2001). Outgroup favoritism and the theory of system
justification: An experimental paradigm for investigating the effects of
socio-economic success on stereotype content. In G. Moskowitz
(Ed.), Cognitive social psychology: The Jost, J.T., Burgess,
D., & Mosso, C. (2001). Conflicts
of legitimation among self, group, and system: The
integrative potential of system justification theory. In J.T. Jost and B.
Major (Eds.), The psychology of legitimacy: Emerging perspectives on
ideology, justice, and intergroup relations
(pp. 363-388). Jost, J.T., & Elsbach, K. (2001). How
status and power differences erode personal and social identities at work: A
system justification critique of organizational applications of social identity
theory. In M.A. Hogg & D.J. Terry (Eds.), Social identity
processes in organizational contexts (pp. 181-196). Stangor, C., Sechrist,
G.B., & Jost, J.T. (2001). Changing
racial beliefs by providing consensus information. Personality and
Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 486-496. Zuckerman, E., & Jost, J.T. (2001). What
makes you think you're so popular? Self-evaluation maintenance and the
subjective side of the "friendship paradox." Social
Psychology Quarterly, 64, 207-223. Haines, E.L., &
Jost, J.T. (2000). Placating
the powerless: Effects of legitimate and illegitimate explanation on affect,
memory, and stereotyping. Social Justice Research, 13, 219-236. Hungarian
Translation Jost, J.T., &
Burgess, D. (2000). Attitudinal
ambivalence and the conflict between group and system justification motives
in low status groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,
26, 293-305. Jost, J.T., &
Thompson, E.P. (2000). Group-based
dominance and opposition to equality as independent predictors of
self-esteem, ethnocentrism, and social policy attitudes among African
Americans and European Americans. Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology, 36, 209-232. Hungarian
Translation To request reprints
(electronic or hard copy) please contact: Tina Schweizer at tina.schweizer@nyu.edu Media WeblinksResearch on
Stereotyping and System Justification Theory: Can You Guess a Person's Politics by Personality? Opinion - Editorials Jost
Editorial on Responding to September 11 Research on Political
Ideology: Are Conservatives Happier Than
Liberals? Book Reviews of The
Psychology of Legitimacy: Emerging Perspectives on Ideology, Justice, and Intergroup Relations: Book Review of
Political Psychology: Key Readings
Jost, J. T. (2006).
Political psychology: The perils of prognostication. Science, 312, 1876-1877.
Listen to the Equal
Time for Free Thought radio interview with George Lakoff
and John Jost on "The Science of Conservatism." The interview is in
two parts. Click on episodes 151 and 152 here and here to download and listen. AddressJohn T. Jost Department of Updated |
