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Professor of
Psychology and Politics Visit the Jost Lab ResearchMost of my work focuses
on theoretical and empirical implications of a system justification theory,
which was first proposed by Jost and Banaji (1994)
and updated by Jost and Van Der Toorn (2012). There are two major goals of system
justification theory, and much of my experimental
and survey research has addressed one or both of these goals. The first goal
is to understand how and why people provide cognitive and ideological support
for the status quo, even when their support appears to conflict with personal
and group interests. The second is to analyze the social, psychological, and political
antecedents and consequences of supporting the status quo, especially for members of
disadvantaged groups.
System justification
theory addresses the holding of attitudes that are often contrary to one's
own self-interest and therefore contrary to what one would expect on the
basis of theories of self-enhancement or rational self-interest. Thus, our
research focuses on counter-intuitive outcomes, such as the internalization
of unfavorable stereotypes about one's own group, nonconscious
biases that perpetuate inequality, attitudinal ambivalence directed at fellow
ingroup members who challenge the system,
opposition to equality among members of disadvantaged groups, rationalization
of anticipated social and political outcomes, and tendencies among members of
powerless groups to subjectively enhance the legitimacy of their
powerlessness and, in some cases, to show even greater support for the system than
do members of powerful groups.
In addition, I am
interested in the underlying cognitive and motivational differences between
liberals (or leftists) and conservatives (or rightists), building on a theoretical model first proposed by Jost, Glaser, Kruglanski, and Sulloway (2003). In particular, we are carrying
out studies to determine whether certain epistemic, existential, and relational variables
(such as uncertainty avoidance, need for cognitive closure, death
anxiety, conformity, and so on) are associated more with conservative (or right-wing) political
orientations than with other political orientations. One focus is on whether
certain situational factors (such as those pertaining to stability, dependence, and
threat) are capable of bringing about change in the endorsement of political
attitudes.
BiographyEducation:
Ph.D.
1995,
Yale University (Social Psychology) Positions:
Professor of Psychology and Politics (Associated Appointment), New York University Selected Awards and Honors:
Society of Experimental Social Psychology Career Trajectory (mid-career) Award, 2010 Affiliations:
Series Editor, Book
Series on Political Psychology,
Oxford University Press, 2007-present Selected Publications
Jost, J.T., Kay, A.C.,
& Thorisdottir, H. (Eds.) (2009). Social and psychological bases of ideology
and system justification.
Jost, J.T., Banaji, M.R., & Prentice, D. (Eds.) (2004). Perspectivism
in social psychology: The yin and yang of scientific progress. Jost, J.T., &
Sidanius, J. (Eds.) (2004). Political
psychology: Key readings. Jost, J.T., &
Major, B. (Eds.) (2001). The
psychology of legitimacy: Emerging perspectives on ideology, justice, and intergroup relations. Selected Journal Articles and Book
Chapters (since 2000)
To request reprints (electronic or hard copy) please contact my lab manager, Lindsay Robinson, at lr1405@nyu.edu. However, many of the articles listed below can be accessed by clicking on their title. Jost, J. T., & Amodio, D. M. (2012). Political ideology as motivated social cognition: Behavioral and neuroscientific evidence. Motivation and Emotion, 36, 55-64. Jost, J.T., & van der Toorn, J. (2012). System justification theory. In P.A.M. van Lange, A.W. Kruglanski, & E.T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology. (vol.2, pp. 313-343) London: Sage. Calogero, R., & Jost, J.T. (2011). Self-subjugation among women: Exposure to sexist ideology, self-objectification, and the protective function of the need to avoid closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 211-228. Jost, J.T. (2011). System justification theory as compliment, complement, and corrective to theories of social identification and social dominance. In D. Dunning (Ed.), Social motivation (pp. 223-263). New York: Psychology Press. Jost, J.T., & Hardin, C.D. (2011). On the structure and dynamics of human thought: The legacy of William J. McGuire for social and political psychology. Political Psychology, 32, 21-57. Liviatan, I., & Jost, J.T. (2011). System justification theory: Motivated social cognition in the service of the status quo. Social Cognition, 29 , 231-237. Ledgerwood, A., Mandisodza, A., Jost, J.T., & Pohl, M. (2011). Working for the system: Motivated defense of meritocratic beliefs. Social Cognition, 29, 322-340. Thorisdottir, H., & Jost, J.T. (2011). Motivated closed-mindedness mediates the effect of threat on political conservatism. Political Psychology, 32, 785-811. Van der Toorn, J., Tyler, T.R., & Jost, J.T. (2011). More than fair: Outcome dependence, system justification, and the perceived legitimacy of authority. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 127-138. Wakslak, C.J., Jost, J.T., & Bauer, P. (2011). Spreading rationalization: Increased support for large-scale and small-scale social systems following system threat, Social Cognition, 29-288-302. Feygina, I., Jost, J.T., & Goldsmith, R. (2010). System justification, the denial of global warming, and the possibility of “system-sanctioned change.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 326-338. Jost, J.T., & Kay, A.C. (2010). Social justice: History, theory, and research. In S.T. Fiske, D. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (5th edition, Vol. 2, pp. 1122-1165). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Napier, J.L., Thorisdottir, H., & Jost, J.T. (2010). The joy of sexism? A multinational investigation of hostile and benevolent justifications for gender inequality and their relation to subjective well-being. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 62, 405-419. Jost, J.T., Liviatan, I., van der Toorn, J., Ledgerwood, A., Mandisodza, A., & Nosek, B.A. (2010). System justification: How do we know it's motivated? Invited submission for A.C. Kay et al. (Eds.), The psychology of justice and legitimacy: The Ontario symposium (Vol. 11, pp.173-203). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Van der Toorn, J., Berkics, M., & Jost, J.T. (2010). System justification, satisfaction, and perceptions of fairness and typicality at work: A cross-system comparison involving the U.S. and Hungary. Social Justice Research, 23, 189-210. Jost, J.T., Rudman, L.A., Blair, I.V., Carney, D., Dasgupta, N., Glaser, J. & Hardin, C.D. (2009). The existence of implicit bias is beyond reasonable doubt: A refutation of ideological and methodological objections and executive summary of ten studies that no manager should ignore. Research in Organizational Behavior, 29, 39-69 Jost, J.T. (2009). "Elective affinities": On the psychological bases of left-right ideological differences. Psychological Inquiry, 20, 129-141. Jost, J.T., & Jost, L.J. (2009). Virtue ethics and the social psychology of character: Philosophical lessons from the person-situation debate. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 253-254. [Special issue on "Personality & Assessment at Age 40"] Rankin, I., Jost, J.T., & Wakslak, C.J. (2009). System justification and the meaning of life: Are the existential benefits of ideology distributed unevenly across racial groups? Social Justice Research, 22, 312-333. Jost, J.T., West, T.V., & Gosling, S.D. (2009). Personality and ideology as determinants of candidate preferences and "Obama conversion" in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. The Dubois Review: Social Science on Race, 6, 103-124. Kay, A.C., Czáplinski, S., & Jost, J.T. (2009). Left-right ideological differences in
system justification following exposure to complementary versus noncomplementary stereotype exemplars. European Journal of Social Psychology,
39, 290-298.
Napier, J.L., & Jost, J.T. (2008). Why are conservatives happier
than liberals? Psychological
Science, 19, 565-572. Napier, J.L., & Jost, J.T. (2008). The “anti-democratic personality” revisited: A cross-national investigation of working class authoritarianism. Journal of Social Issues, 64, 595-617. Hunyady, O., Josephs, L., & Jost,
J.T. (2008). Priming the primal scene:
Betrayal trauma, narcissism, and attitudes toward sexual infidelity. Self & Identity, 7, 278-294. Jost, J.T., Ledgerwood, A., & Hardin, C.D. (2008). Shared
reality, system justification, and the relational basis of ideological
beliefs. Social and Personality
Psychology Compass, 2, 171-186 Jost, J.T., Pietrzak, J., Liviatan,
Mentovich, A., & Jost, J.T. (2008).
The ideological “id”? System justification and the unconscious
perpetuation of inequality. Smith, P.K., Jost,
J.T., & Vijay, R. (2008). Legitimacy crisis? Behavioral approach and inhibition when power differences are left
unexplained. Social Justice
Research, 21, 358-376.
Amodio, D.M., Jost, J.T., Master,
S.L., & Yee, C.M. (2007). Neurocognitive correlates of liberalism and conservatism.
Nature Neuroscience, 10,
1246-1247. Kay, A. C., Jost, J.T.,
Mandisodza, A.N.,
Mendes, W.B., Blascovich, J., Hunter, S.B., Lickel, B. & Jost, J.T. (2007). Threatened by the unexpected: Physiological responses during social interactions with expectancy-violating partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 698-716 Thorisdottir, H., Jost, J.T., Liviatan, I., & Shrout, P. (2007). Psychological needs and values underlying left-right political orientation: Cross-national evidence from Eastern and Western Europe. Public Opinion Quarterly, 71, 175-203.
Wakslak, C., Jost, J.T., Jost, J.T. (2006). The
end of the end of ideology. American
Psychologist, 61, 651-670. (Awarded the SPSSI Gordon Allport Prize) Blasi, G., & Jost, J.T. (2006). System
justification theory and research: Implications for law, legal advocacy, and
social justice. Bonanno, G.A., & Jost, J.T. (2006).
Conservative
shift among high-exposure survivors of the September 11th terrorist attacks.
Basic and Applied Social Psychology,
28, 311-323.
Mandisodza, A., Jost, J.T., & Unzueta, M. (2006).
"Tall poppies" and "American dreams": Reactions to rich
and poor in Australia and the U.S.A. Journal
of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37, 659-668 Napier, J., Mandisodza, A., Andersen, S.M., & Jost, J.T. (2006). System justification in responding to the poor and displaced in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 6, 57-73. Jost, J.T., & Hunyady, O. (2005). Antecedents
and consequences of system-justifying ideologies. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14,
260-265. Jost, J.T., & Kay,
A.C. (2005). Exposure
to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: Consequences for
specific and diffuse forms of system justification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88,
498-509. Jost, J.T., Kivetz, Y., Rubini, M., Guermandi, G., & Mosso, C. (2005). System-justifying functions of complementary regional and ethnic stereotypes: Cross-national evidence. Social Justice Research, 18, 305-333. Kay, A.C., Jost, J.T.,
& Young, S. (2005). Victim
derogation and victim enhancement as alternate routes to system justification.
Psychological Science, 16, 240-246.
Jost, J.T., & Jost, J.T., Banaji, M.R., & Nosek, B.A.
(2004). A
decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and
unconscious bolstering of the status quo. Political Psychology, 25, 881-919. Italian
Translation Jost, Fitzsimons, &
Kay (2004). The
ideological animal: A system justification view. In J. Greenberg, S.L. Koole, & T. Pyszczynski
(Eds.) Handbook of experimental existential psychology (pp. 263-282). Overbeck, J., Jost, J.T., Mosso, C., & Flizik, A.
(2004). Resistant
vs. acquiescent responses to group inferiority as a function of social
dominance orientation in the USA and Italy. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 7, 35-54. Kay, A.C., & Jost,
J.T. (2003). Complementary justice: Effects of "poor but happy" and
"poor but honest" sterotype exemplars on
system justification and implicit activation of the justice motive. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85,
823-837. Jost, J.T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A.W., & Sulloway, F. (2003a). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 339-375. Hungarian Translation. Jost, J.T., Glaser, J.,
Kruglanski, A.W., & Sulloway,
F. (2003b). Exceptions
that prove the rule: Using a theory of motivated social cognition to account
for ideological incongruities and political anomalies. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 383-393.
Blair, I.V., &
Jost, J.T. (2003). Exit,
loyalty, and collective action among workers in a simulated business
environment: Interactive effects of group identification and boundary
permeability. Social Justice
Research, 16, 95-108. Jost, J.T., Blount, S.,
Pfeffer, J., & Hunyady,
Gy. (2003). Fair
market ideology: Its cognitive-motivational underpinnings. Research in
Organizational Behavior, 25, 53-91. Jost, J.T., Pelham,
B.W., Sheldon, O., & Sullivan, B.N. (2003). Social inequality and the
reduction of ideological dissonance on behalf of the system: Evidence of
enhanced system justification among the disadvantaged. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33,
13-36. Hungarian
Translation Jost, J.T., Pelham,
B.W., & Carvallo, M. (2002). Non-conscious
forms of system justification: Cognitive, affective, and behavioral preferences
for higher status groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,
38, 586-602. Hungarian
Translation Kay, A., Jimenez, M.C.,
& Jost, J.T. (2002). Sour
grapes, sweet lemons, and the anticipatory rationalization of the status quo.
Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin, 28, 1300-1312. Jost, J.T., & Hunyady, O. (2002). The
psychology of system justification and the palliative function of ideology.
European Review of Social Psychology,
13, 111-153. (Awarded the SPSP Theoretical Innovation Prize) Jost, J.T., & Kruglanski, A.W. (2002). The
estrangement of social constructionism and
experimental social psychology: History of the rift and prospects for
reconciliation. Personality and
Social Psychology Review, 6, 168-187. Italian
Translation (abridged) Jost, J.T. (2001). Outgroup favoritism and the theory of system
justification: An experimental paradigm for investigating the effects of
socio-economic success on stereotype content. In G. Moskowitz
(Ed.), Cognitive social psychology: The Jost, J.T., Burgess,
D., & Mosso, C. (2001). Conflicts
of legitimation among self, group, and system: The
integrative potential of system justification theory. In J.T. Jost and B.
Major (Eds.), The psychology of legitimacy: Emerging perspectives on
ideology, justice, and intergroup relations
(pp. 363-388). Stangor, C., Sechrist,
G.B., & Jost, J.T. (2001). Changing
racial beliefs by providing consensus information. Personality and
Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 486-496. Zuckerman, E., & Jost, J.T. (2001). What
makes you think you're so popular? Self-evaluation maintenance and the
subjective side of the "friendship paradox." Social
Psychology Quarterly, 64, 207-223. Haines, E.L., &
Jost, J.T. (2000). Placating
the powerless: Effects of legitimate and illegitimate explanation on affect,
memory, and stereotyping. Social Justice Research, 13, 219-236. Hungarian
Translation Jost, J.T., &
Burgess, D. (2000). Attitudinal
ambivalence and the conflict between group and system justification motives
in low status groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,
26, 293-305. Jost, J.T., &
Thompson, E.P. (2000). Group-based
dominance and opposition to equality as independent predictors of
self-esteem, ethnocentrism, and social policy attitudes among African
Americans and European Americans. Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology, 36, 209-232. Hungarian
Translation Media WeblinksResearch on
Stereotyping and System Justification Theory: After the Financial Meltdown, Where's America's Outrage? Opinion - Editorials
Research on Political
Ideology: "Born This Way" (New York Magazine) Book Reviews of The
Psychology of Legitimacy: Emerging Perspectives on Ideology, Justice, and Intergroup Relations Book Review of
Political Psychology: Key Readings
Book Review of Phil Tetlock’s Expert Political Judgment by John T
Jost
Listen to the Equal
Time for Free Thought radio interview with George Lakoff
and John Jost on "The Science of Conservatism." The interview is in
two parts. Click on episodes 151 and 152 here and here to download and listen. AddressJohn T. Jost Department of Updated |
