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	Pelli, D. G., and Bigelow, C. (2009) A writing revolution. Seed: Science is Culture. http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/a_writing_revolution/ • Reply to comments: Definitions, prediction, and reading; Quality, poverty, media, and choice; Math, posterity, and renaming. • Methods and sources. Graphs of data and regression. • Visitors: 14,500 unique page views, according to Google Analytics. • Incoming web links (1000+ full-length and 233 shortened) from tweets, blogs, etc. Kuntz, T., et al. (2009) A writing revolution. New York Times Week in Review. October 22, 2009. Sullivan, A. (2009) We are all authors now (and publishers too). The Atlantic. November 7, 2009. Sasaki, D. (2009) Changes in media over the past 550 years. PBS Idea Lab. November 14, 2009.
	Pelli, D. G., Majaj, N. J., Raizman, N., Christian, C. J., Kim, E., and Palomares, M. C., (2009) Grouping in object recognition: The role of a Gestalt law in letter identification. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 26(1):36-49 . • This special issue of Cognitive Neuropsychology is also available as a book.
	Pelli, D. G., & Tillman, K. A. (2008) The uncrowded window of object recognition. Nature Neuroscience, 11(10):1129 - 1135. http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v11/n10/#pe Cited by 10. • We recommend the Supplement. We worked as hard on it as on the Perspective, and it's got several good demos. • News reports: Yahoo!, Florida Statesman, Detroit Star, Eureka! Science News, EurekAlert!, Science Daily, Science Codex, First Science News, The FontFeed, Medical News Today, ePsychology, PhysOrg, Science Forums, Yahoo! News India, Washington Square News, NYU Today	Complete perspective and supplement:
	Pelli, D. G. (2008). Crowding: a cortical constraint on object recognition. Curr Opin Neurobiol, 18, 445–451. [PubMed]
	Symposium: Pelli, D. G. (2008) Crowding. Satellite symposium at the annual meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, Naples, Florida, May 9, 2008. http://www.visionsciences.org/symposia2008_3.html
	Special issue: Pelli, D. G., Cavanagh, P., Desimone, R., Tjan, B., & Treisman, A. (2007). Crowding: Including illusory conjunctions, surround suppression, and attention. Journal of Vision, 7(2):i, 1, http://journalofvision.org/7/2/i/ • News reports: NYU Press release, livescience.com
	Pelli, D. G., Tillman, K. A., Freeman, J., Su, M., Berger, T. D., & Majaj, N. J. (2007) Crowding and eccentricity determine reading rate. Journal of Vision, 7(2):20, 1-36, http://journalofvision.com/7/2/20 [484 downloads 0.76/day. Cited by 18.]
	Levi, D. M., Song, S., & Pelli, D. G. (2007) Amblyopic reading is crowded. Journal of Vision, 7(2):21, 1-17, http://journalofvision.com/7/2/21 [378 downloads 0.47/day. Cited by 11.]
	Freeman, J., & Pelli, D. G. (2007) An escape from crowding. Journal of Vision, 7(2):22, 1-14, http://journalofvision.com/7/2/22 [319 downloads 0.45/day. Cited by 7.]
	Pelli, D. G., & Tillman, K. A. (2007) Parts, wholes, and context in reading: A triple dissociation. PLoS ONE 2(8): e680. http://www.plosone.org/doi/pone.0000680 [Cited by 8.]
News reports:	WNYC Morning Edition public radio broadcast and article about “phonics” with interview of Pelli regarding Pelli & Tillman 2007. Scientific American, BoingBoing, British Psychological Society, NYU Today
	Eaton, K. A., Pelli, D. G., & Levi, D. M. (submitted) Efficacy of the Pelli-Levi Dual Acuity Chart in diagnosing amblyopia.
News report:	"Fade to Gray: California Tries New Eye Test," All things considered, National Public Radio, NPR, June 1, 2007, radio interview with Ian Bailey discussing use of Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart by California Department of Motor Vehicles to assess vision of drivers.
	Pelli, D. G., Burns, C. W., Farell, B., & Moore-Page, D. C. (2006) Feature detection and letter identification. Vision Research, 46(28), 4646-4674. [PubMed] [Cited by 99. Working title was “Identifying letters”.]
	Oruç, I., Landy, M. S., & Pelli, D. G. (2006) Noise masking reveals channels for second-order letters. Vision Research, 46, 1493–1506. [PubMed] [Cited by 10.]
	Martelli, M., Majaj, N. J., & Pelli, D. G. (2005) Are faces processed like words? A diagnostic test for recognition by parts. Journal of Vision, 5(1), 58-70, http://journalofvision.org/5/1/6/ [2,212 downloads 1.84/day. Cited by 43.]
News reports:	TIME Magazine: The eyes (and brain) of the beholder. (3/21/05). Science Daily. The Local Papers [pdf].
	Pelli, D. G. (2005). What is observation? James Turrell's skyspace at PS1. [¿Qué significa observar? El Skyspace de James Turrell en PS1 Contemporary Art Center.] In A. M. Torres, James Turrell. Valencia, Spain: Institut Valencia d'Art Modern (IVAM). ISBN 8448239520. Catalog of an exhibition held at IVAM, Valencia, 14 Dec. 2004-27 Feb. 2005.	Español:
Reprinted in:	NY Arts Magazine, November/December 2005, Vol. 9, No. 11/12. http://www.nyartsmagazine.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3058&Itemid=695 Pelli, D. G. (2008). James Turrell: Skyspaces. ABOUT Beauty (October 2008). http://www.about-mag.com/	NY Arts: ABOUT:
Radio:	Studio 360, the national public radio show hosted by Kurt Andersen, presented, “Skyspace: Dr. Denis Pelli researches how we read, identify shapes, even why we find art compelling. Once a semester he takes a group of students to see a piece of installation art that he believes will teach them how to be better scientific observers. Laura Starecheski tagged along for the class trip.” Produced by Laura Starecheski. Feb. 9, 2006. Click the headphones (right) to play the audio; you'll need the free RealPlayer.
	Pelli, D. G., Palomares, M., & Majaj, N. J. (2004). Crowding is unlike ordinary masking: Distinguishing feature integration from detection. Journal of Vision, 4(12), 1136-1169, http://journalofvision.org/4/12/12/ [1,543 downloads 1.14/day. Cited by 160.]
	Pelli, D. G., Levi, D. M., & Chung, S. T. L. (2004) Using visual noise to characterize amblyopic letter identification. Journal of Vision, 4, 904-920, http://journalofvision.org/4/10/6/. [1,202 downloads 0.99/day. Cited by 18.]
	Talgar, C. P., Pelli, D. G., & Carrasco, M. (2004) Covert attention enhances letter identification without affecting channel tuning. Journal of Vision, 4, 22-31, http://journalofvision.org/4/1/3/. [1,069 downloads 0.80/day. Cited by 27.]
	Pelli, D. G. (2004). The legal memos about torture. Letter to the Editor. New York Times, June 13, 2004.
	Berger, T. D., Martelli, M., & Pelli, D. G. (2003) Flicker flutter: Is an illusory event as good as the real thing? Journal of Vision, 3, 406-412, http://journalofvision.org/3/6/1/. [>950 downloads >0.67/day. Cited by 8.]
	Pelli, D. G., Farell, B., & Moore, D. C. (2003) The remarkable inefficiency of word recognition. Nature, 423, 752-756. [supplement] [Cited by 94.]
News reports:	Nature: news & views. Scientific American: news scan.
	Majaj, N. J., Pelli, D. G., Kurshan, P., & Palomares, M. (2002) The role of spatial frequency channels in letter identification. Vision Research, 42, 1165-1184. [Cited by 94.]
	Brainard, D. H., Pelli, D. G., & Robson, T. (2002) Display characterization. In: J. Hornak (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Imaging Science and Technology (pp. 172-188): Wiley. [Online test patterns] [Cited by 42.]
	Pelli, D. G., & Carrasco, M. (2002). In P. Lennie, S. B. Van Hemel & National Research Council (Eds.), Visual impairments : determining eligibility for social security benefits. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
	Pelli, D. G. (2001). 47.1: Invited paper: How we see letters: Implications for making better displays. SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 32(1), 1194-1195. doi:10.1889/1.1831773
	Pelli, D. G. (2001) Review of David Regan’s “Human Perception of Objects” [Book reviews]. Journal of Optometry and Vision Science 78(11):779. [full text]
	Pelli, D., & Radner, J. (2001). Fighting back while preserving our values. Letter to the Editor. New York Times, September 19, 2001.
	Pelli, D. G. (1999) Close encounters — An artist shows that size affects shape. Science, 285, 844-846. [full text] [Cited by 15.]
Reprinted in:	Ecco Press’s anthology Best American Science Writing 2000, edited by James Gleick.
	Pelli, D. G. (1999) An artist’s work blurs the lines between art and science. New York Times, August 10, 1999, F5. [full text]
Radio:	Studio 360, the national public radio show hosted by Kurt Andersen, presented, “How Art Works: Denis Pelli, a professor of psychology and neural science at NYU, describes how the grid paintings of Chuck Close led him to a significant neurological discovery.” Produced by Jocelyn Gonzales. 2/3/01 and 4/7/01. Click the headphones (right) to play the audio; you'll need the free RealPlayer.
News reports:	Further media coverage of the Pelli (1999) Science article: ABCNEWS.COM, BBC News, BBC Radio 4, 8/6/99, 7:30 PM, Daily Telegraph (London), Financial Times (London), 8/6/99, Le Figaro (Paris), 8/6/99, ScienceNOW, Times (London), Toledo Blade
	Cavanagh, P., & Kennedy, J. M.; Pelli, D. G., & Palomares, M. (2000) Close encounters: Details veto depth from shadows; Response. Science 287: 2421. (in Letters) [full text]
	Farell, B. & Pelli, D. G. (1999) Psychophysical methods, or how to measure a threshold and why. In R. H. S. Carpenter & J. G. Robson (Eds.), Vision Research: A Practical Guide to Laboratory Methods, New York: Oxford University Press. [Cited by 14.]
	Pelli, D. G. & Farell, B. (1999) Why use noise? Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 16, 647-653. [Cited by 99.]
	Pelli, D. G. (1997) Seeing is easy. The Thresholds: Limits of Perception exhibition and Theories of Vision symposium. NY Arts Magazine, (14) [Philadelphia Inquirer]
	Pelli, D. G. & Torres, A. M. (1997) Thresholds: Limits of perception. New York: NY Arts Magazine.
News reports:	Articles about the exhibition and symposium appeared in the Philadelphia Inquirer (Flam, F., “In the mind’s eye”, 1997, Dec. 1, pp. C1, 4),  in Psychology and the Arts (Ettinger, T., “A symposium and exhibit: visual science / visual art.” Fall 1997), and in the internet science magazine HMS Beagle (Kuzma, S., “Art for science’s sake and science for art’s sake.” 1997, issue 17).
	Cornelissen, F. W., Pelli, D. G., Farell, B., Huckins, S. C., & Szeverenyi, N. M. (1997) A binocular fiberscope for presenting visual stimuli during fMRI. Spatial Vision, 11 (1), 75-81. [Cited by 8.]
	Pelli, D. G. (1997) Pixel independence: measuring spatial interactions on a CRT display. Spatial Vision, 10, 443-446. [Cited by 22.]
	Pelli, D. G. (1997) The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: transforming numbers into movies. Spatial Vision, 10, 437-42. [full text] [Cited by 1361.]
Software:	VideoToolbox — A free collection of two hundred C subroutines for Macintosh computers to calibrate and control the computer-display interface, making it possible to create accurately specified visual stimuli. This became the foundation for the Psychophysics Toolbox.
	Pelli, D. G., & Farell, B. (1995) Psychophysical methods. In: M. Bass, E. W. Van Stryland, D. R. Williams, & W. L. Wolfe (Eds.), Handbook of Optics, 2nd ed., I (pp. 29.21-29.13). New York: McGraw-Hill.  [Cited by 12.]
	Solomon, J. A., & Pelli, D. G. (1994) The visual filter mediating letter identification. Nature 369, 395-397. [demo]  [Cited by 183.]
	Verghese, P., & Pelli, D. G. (1994) The scale bandwidth of visual search. Vision Research, 34 (7), 955-962. [Cited by 6.]
	Farell, B., & Pelli, D. G. (1993) Can we attend to large and small at the same time? Vision Research 33, 2757-2772.  [Cited by 21.]
	Verghese, P., & Pelli, D. G. (1992) The information capacity of visual attention. Vision Research 32, 983-995.  [Cited by 64.]
	Gescheider, G. A., Verrillo, R. T., & Pelli, D. G. (1992) Effects of noise on detection of amplitude increments of sinusoidal vibration of the skin. J Acoust Soc Am, 91 (1), 348-353. [abstract]  [Cited by 15.]
	Legge, G. E., & Pelli, D. G. (1992) Research directions in low vision. In: National Advisory Eye Council & National Institutes of Health (Eds.), Vision Research—A National Plan: 1992-1996.
	Pelli, D. G. (1992) The readers' NIH [letter]. Science, 258 (5082), 531.
	Pelli, D. G. (1991) Noise in the visual system may be early. In: M. Landy & J. A. Movshon (Eds.), Computational Models of Visual Processing (pp. 147-152). Cambridge: MIT Press.  [Cited by 12.]
	Pelli, D. G., & Zhang, L. (1991) Accurate control of contrast on microcomputer displays. Vision Research 31, 1337-1350.  [Cited by 367.]
	Pelli, D. G., & Robson, J. G. (1991) Are letters better than gratings? Clinical Vision Sciences, 6, 409-411.  [Cited by 12.]
	Pelli, D. G. (1990) The quantum efficiency of vision. In: C. Blakemore (Ed.) Vision: Coding and Efficiency (pp. 3-24). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  [Cited by 157.]
	Pelli, D. G., & Chamberlain, S. C. (1989) The visibility of 350°C black-body radiation by the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata and man. Nature, 337, 460-461.  [Cited by 25.]
	Pelli, D. G., & Hoepner, J. A. (1989) Letters in noise: A visual test chart that “bypasses” the optics. In: Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System, 1989 Technical Digest Series, 7 (pp. 103-106). Washington, DC: Optical Society of America.
	Pelli, D. G., Robson, J. G., & Wilkins, A. J. (1988) The design of a new letter chart for measuring contrast sensitivity. Clinical Vision Sciences 2, 187-199.  [Cited by 517.]
Chart in museum:	The Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity Chart is in the Museum of Modern Art’s permanent design collection.
News reports:	Syracuse University announced the Pelli-Robson chart as a potential screening device for early detection of eye disease and held press conference, June 1988. The story appeared on national radio and television in U.S. and U.K., on the front page of the Wall Street Journal, and in the New York Times, L.A. Times, and London Times, as well as the Times of India, and in New Scientist, GEO, Ophthalmology Today, Reader’s Digest, and Good Housekeeping.
	Pelli, D. G., & Levi, D. M. (1988) On writing grant proposals: confessions of two grant reviewers. Am J Optom Physiol Opt, 65 (7), 598.
	Pelli, D. G. (1987) The visual requirements of mobility. In: G. C. Woo (Ed.) Low Vision: Principles and Applications (p. 134–146): Springer Verlag.  [Cited by 43.]
	Pelli, D. G. (1987) On the relation between summation and facilitation. Vision Res, 27 (1), 119-23.  [Cited by 21.]
	Van Doren, C. L., Pelli, D. G., & Verrillo, R. T. (1987) A device for measuring tactile spatiotemporal sensitivity. J Acoust Soc Am, 81 (6), 1906-1916. [abstract]  [Cited by 11.]
	Relkin, E. M., & Pelli, D. G. (1987) Probe tone thresholds in the auditory nerve measured by two-interval forced-choice procedures. J Acoust Soc Am, 82 (5), 1679-1691. [abstract]  [Cited by 29.]
	Pelli, D. G. (1987) Programming in PostScript: Imaging on paper from a mathematical description. BYTE, 12 (5), 185-202.
	Barlow, H. B., & Pelli, D. G. (1987) The statistical efficiency of natural and artificial vision. Special issue of the Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Part 1, December, 1987, Part 2, April, 1988.
Movie at museum and on tv:	What is Low Vision? Commissioned to produce and direct video for the Art of the Eye exhibition at the Minnesota Museum of Art, January 25 to March 30, 1986. Shows the general public that low vision may be understood in terms of three optical dimensions: resolution, contrast, and field. Aired nationally on public television on July 20, 1987, in the National Science Foundation’s How About ...? series in an episode entitled “Experiencing Low Vision.” In 1990 Syracuse University distributed this tape to 400 low-vision rehabilitation centers nationwide to explain low vision to patients’ relatives.
	Pelli, D. G. (1985) Uncertainty explains many aspects of visual contrast detection and discrimination. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 2, 1508-1532.  [Cited by 314.]
	Legge, G. E., Pelli, D. G., Rubin, G. S., & Schleske, M. M. (1985) Psychophysics of reading. I. Normal vision. Vision Research 25, 239-252.  [Cited by 268.]	reprint:
	Legge, G. E., Rubin, G. S., Pelli, D. G., & Schleske, M. M. (1985) Psychophysics of reading. II. Low vision. Vision Research, 25, 253-265.  [Cited by 237.]	reprint:
	Pelli, D. G., Legge, G. E., & Schleske, M. M. (1985) Psychophysics of reading. III. A fiberscope low-vision reading aid. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 26 (5), 751-63.  [Cited by 7.]	reprint:
	Watson, A. B. & Pelli, D. G. (1983) QUEST: a Bayesian adaptive psychometric method. Percept Psychophys, 33 (2), 113-20.  [Cited by 613.]
Software:	QUEST toolbox for MATLAB. Robust easy-to-use implementation of several excellent procedures for estimating threshold. Freely available and quite popular. See software.
	Pelli, D. G. (1981) Effects of visual noise. PhD Thesis, Cambridge University.  [Cited by 128.]
	Campbell, F. W., & Pelli, D. G. (1976) A capillary electrometer [proceedings]. J Physiol (Lond), 263 (1), 64-67.

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